HistoireMetro under construction at the shipyard in 1989Pendant the 1960s, there were plans for a massive highway system in Washington, but the opposition to this freeway system grew. Harland Bartholomew, who chaired the National Capital Commission planning, the thought of a rail transit system will never be self-sufficient because of low density land use and the general decline of public transport. Finally, a concept of a mixed system with radial Capital Beltway railway line has been agreed. The Beltway received full funding, funding for the Inner Loop highway ambitious system has been partially reallocated to the construction of the system métro.Intersection vaults of the ceiling at the Metro Center, a transfer importantsEn 1960, the federal government created the National Capital Transportation Agency to develop a rapid rail system. In 1966, a bill creating WMATA was adopted by the federal government, the District of Columbia, Virginia and Maryland, with power system planning for the transfer to it of the NCTA. Inside a rehabilitated BredaWMATA car has approved plans for a 98-mile (158 km) regional in 1968 and construction began in 1969 with the revolutionary December 9. The system opened March 27, 1976, 4. 6 miles (7 km) on the red line with five stations in Rhode Island Avenue Farragut North, all in the District of Columbia. Arlington County, Virginia, was linked to the system by July 1, 1976, Montgomery County, Maryland on February 6, 1978, Prince George’s County, Maryland, November 20, 1978, and Fairfax County, Virginia and Alexandria, Virginia, on December 17, 1983. The 103-mile system (166 km), 83-station was completed with the opening segment of the Green Line to Branch Avenue January 13, 2001 . This does not mean the end of the growth system: a 3. 22-mile (5. 18 km) extension of the Blue Line to Largo Town Center and Morgan Boulevard opened on December 18, 2004. The first filling station in New York Avelorida Aveallaudet U on the Red Line between Union Station and Rhode Island Ave-Brentwood, opened November 20, 2004, and planning is underway for an expansion of Dulles Airport. Station display indicating the estimated wait times for trains to metro venirConstruction needed billions of dollars the federal government initially provided by Congress under the authority of the Transportation Act of the National Capital in 1969 (Public Law 91-143). The cost was paid with federal funds 90% and 10% in local currency. This law was amended January 3, 1980, Public Law 96-184, “The National Capital Transportation Amendment of 1979″ (also known as the Stark-Harris) Act, which authorized additional funding $ 1. 7000000000 to enable the completion of 89 years. 5 miles (144. 0 km) system as provided under a full funding grant agreement with WMATA executed in July 1986, which requires 25% to be paid from local funds. On November 15, 1990, Public Law 101-551, “The National Capital Transportation Amendments of 1990, authorized an additional $ 1. 3 billion of federal funds for the construction of 13 others. 5 miles (21. 7 km) System 103-mile (166 km) completed by the execution of grant agreements of full funding, with a% 63% federal/37 corresponding local.La highest attendance for one day was the day of the inauguration of Barack Obama January 20, 2009, with 1.12 million riders. It beat the previous record set the previous day, 866,681 trips. June 2008 set several records goodwill: it is the record number of users one month of 19,729,641 riders in total, the record for highest attendance with 772,826 average weekday trips during the week, had five of ten days the number of users, and had 12 days of the week in which the number of users exceeds 800,000 on ADPIC.En February 2006, Metro officials have chosen Randi Miller, an employee of car dealership Woodbridge, Virginia, a new record “open doors”, “closed doors” and “please stand clear of the door, thank you” ad after winning a competition to replace recorded messages by Sandy Carroll in 1996. métroVoir network also: List of metro stations of WashingtonSystème cartescarte stylized existing lines and stations, based on the official map of the network to publiéeCarte échelleDepuis its opening in 1976, the metro network has grown to include five lines, 86 stations and 106. 3 miles (171. 1 km) of track. The rail network is designed as a model distribution hub-spoke, railway lines running between downtown Washington and its suburbs. The system makes extensive use of interlining, running more than one service on the same track. There are five lines of operation and a line under construction: Name LineOuvertStationsTerminiRed Line197627Shady Grove – GlenmontBlue Line197727Franconiapringfield – Downtown LargoLigne Orange197826Vienne / Fairfax-GMU – New CarrolltonLigne Jaune198317Huntington – Fort Totten / Mt Vernon Center St. Sq/7th ConventionGreen Line199121Direction Ave – Belt verdureSilver Line (under construction) 201323Route 772 – Stadium-ArmoryIl are 40 stations in the District of Columbia, 14 in Prince George’s County, 12 in Montgomery County, 11 in Arlington County, 6 in Fairfax County and 3 in the city of Alexandria. The Silver Line to add 11 new stations, 8 in Fairfax County and 3 in Loudoun County, Virginie.Environ 50 miles (80 km) of track is underground metro, and 47 of the 86 stations. Track metro runs mainly in the district and the suburbs with high density. tracking area accounts for about 46 miles (74 km) of the total, and the air is 9 miles (14 km). At 196 feet (60 m) below the surface, the Forest Glen station on the red line is the deepest in the system. There are no escalators, high speed elevators take 20 seconds to travel the street from the station platform. The Wheaton station, near Forest Glen station on the Red Line has the second longest escalator in the world-continuous, the longest in the Western Hemisphere at 230 feet (70 m). The Rosslyn station is the deepest station on the Orange / Blue Line to 97 feet (30 meters) below street level. The station has the third longest continuous escalator in the world-205 feet (62 m) and a stair tower between street level and mezzanine level is nearly two minutes.The system is not centered on a single station, but Metro Center is at the intersection of the Red Cross, orange and blue lines, the three busiest lines. The resort is also home to WMATA main sales office. Metro has identified five other base stations “that have a high volume of passengers, including: Gallery Placehinatown Transfer Station for red, green and yellow lines; L’Enfant Plaza transfer station for Orange, blue, green and yellow lines, Union Station, the busiest station boarding passengers; Farragut North and Farragut West. In order to address the high number of passengers in transfer stations, Metro is studying the possibility of creating links between the Pedestrian basic transfer stations. For example, a passage of 750 feet (230 m) between Metro Center and Gallery Place stations allow passengers to transfer between the orange / blue and yellow / green Lines will without a stop on the red line. Another tunnel between Farragut West and Farragut North stations allow transfers between the Red and Orange / Blue lines, the decrease in transfer request at the Metro Center in about 11%. Métro runs the configuration special services on holidays and when events in Washington may require additional services. Independence Day activities need to address Metro services to provide additional capacity and the National Mall. WMATA made similar adjustments at other events such as presidential inaugurations. Metro has changed some service stations and used as inputs or outputs to help to manage congestion. roulantArticle detailed equipment: Washington Metro equipment roulantTrain Rohr cars arriving at the station CheverlyMetro fleet consists of 1126 cars, each 75 feet (23 meters) long. The trains have a maximum speed of 59 mph (95 km / h) and an average of 33 miles per hour (53 km / h) including stops . All the cars run as married couples (consecutively numbered even-odd), with systems shared between the pair. Metro currently operates 850 cars at peak hours. 814 cars are on active duty, and the other 36 cars composing train gap to serve as backup if experience problems train.le metro rolling stock was acquired in six phases, and each version of the car is identified with a distinctive serial number. The initial order for 300 cars (290 are in service from June 2009 [update]) was manufactured by Rohr Industries, with final delivery in 1978. These cars are numbered 10,001,299 and were rehabilitated in the mid-1990s. Breda Costruzioni Ferroviari (Breda) built the second order of 76 cars delivered in 1983 and 1984. These cars, numbered 20,002,075, have been rehabilitated in the early 2000s by Alstom in Hornell, New York. A third order of 288 cars, also from Breda, were delivered between 1984 and 1988. These cars are numbered 30,003,291 and have been rehabilitated by Alstom in the early 2000s. An order for 100 cars from Breda, numbered 40,004,099, were delivered between 1992 and 1994. A fifth order of 192 cars has been manufactured by Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF) of Spain. These cars are numbered and 50,005,191 were delivered between 2001 and 2004. A sixth order of 184 cars from Alstom Transport has been delivered between 2005 and 2007. The cars are nuts built in Barcelona, Spain completed assembly in Hornell, New York.La 7000 series cars, currently in development, are expected to go into service early in 2012. The new cars will be different from previous models in that they function as quads instead of pairs. The new design will allow for passenger capacity has increased, the elimination of redundant equipment, greater efficiency and lower maintenance costs. Metro plans eventually to buy up to 748 cars to increase system capacity and to replace its old equipment. exploitationArticle Signaling and detailed: Washington Metro signaling and exploitationPendant the normal functioning of passengers on inland revenue, the trains are controlled by an integrated system automatic train operation and automatic train control system that accelerates and brakes the train automatically without operator intervention. However, all trains are manned with train operators who close the doors (they can be set to automatically open) making announcements in the station, and monitor their trains. The operator can drive a train manually if necessary. SécuritéArticle detailed Metro Transit Police Departmentplanificateurs Metro has designed the system with passenger safety and order maintenance than paramount considerations.’s open design and vaulted ceiling obstructions stations on limited platforms allow little opportunity to conceal criminal activities. Station platforms are built far from the station walls to limit vandalism and provide a diffused Station recessed lighting. Metro attempts to reduce crime, combined with the way the environments of the station have been designed with crime prevention in mind has helped Metro is among the safest and cleanest subway systems in the United States Unis.Metro is patrolled by its own police force, which is responsible for ensuring the safety of passengers and employees. Transit Police officers patrol the subway and the metro, and they have competence and powers of arrest throughout the Metro service area in 1500 square miles (3,900 km2) for crimes that occur on or against the authority of transit facilities, or within 150 feet (46 m) a cessation of Metrobus. The Metro Transit Police Department is the police that the U.S. has authority to local police in three different “state” at court (the Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia). Each city and county in the metro service area has similar ordinances that regulate or prohibit vending on property owned by Metro, which prohibit riders from eating, drinking or smoking in the subway trains, buses and stations The traffic police have a reputation for applying these laws rigorously. A high profile case occurred in 2000 when police arrested a 12 year old girl for eating French fries in the Tenleytown-AU station. In a Notice 2004 by John Roberts, now Chief Justice of the United States, the DC Circuit Court of Appeals confirmed the arrest of the girl. Meanwhile, WMATA had replied in the negative publicity by adopting a policy of first issuing warnings to minors, and their arrest after three offenses an.politique a zero tolerance of Metro on food waste and other sources of disorder embodies the windows “broken” philosophy of reducing crime. This philosophy also applies to the use of toilets station. A long-standing policy aimed at curbing illegal and unwanted activities, was not to allow employees to use the toilet at the subway. managers Stations can make exceptions for passengers with small children, elderly or disabled. Métro now allows the use of toilets by passengers who obtain approval from a station master, except during periods of increased terror alerts. bagagesLe random searches of 27 October 2008, Metro Transit Police Department has announced its intention to immediately begin random searches of backpacks, handbags and other bags. Transit police randomly search riders before making a bus or entering a station. He also explained his intention to stop anyone acting suspiciously. Metro argues that the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit decision in MacWade v. Kelly, who confirmed the random searches in the subways of New York City Metro Transit Police will take similar measures. Metro Transit Police Chief Michael Taborn said that if someone were to turn around and simply enter the system by another stairs or elevator, Metro has “a plan to address suspicious behavior.” Security specialist Bruce Schneier is characterized in terms of “security theater against a movie plot threat”, implying that he does not believe that these random searches will actually help improve sécurité.Metro Riders Advisory Council has recommended to the Board of WMATA Metro administration to hold at least one public meeting concerning the research program. In December 2008 [] update, Metro has not made a single bag searches. AccidentsArticle details: Incidents in the metro WashingtonPlusieurs collisions have occurred Metro Washington, causing injuries and deaths, as well as numerous derailments that have little or no injury. WMATA has been criticized for failing to comply with safety instructions and advice of experts. The three states Oversight Committee oversees WMATA, but has no regulatory power. Safety Department subway is generally responsible for investigating incidents, but can not require other departments Metro to implement its recommendations. CollisionsAccident to Shady Grove station on January 6, 1996Au during the blizzard of 1996, January 6 subway operator was killed when a train failed to stop at the Shady Grove station. The train passed four cars Wharf the station and collided with a train that was empty awaiting disposal. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation revealed that the accident was the result of a failure of the computer controlled train brake system . The NTSB recommended that subway operators, given the opportunity to manually control the braking system, even in bad weather, and recommended that Metro ban cars parked on rail tracks used by trains on arrival. Accident station Parkoo Woodley / Adams Morgan on November 3, 2004The November 3, 2004, an out-of-service Red Line train was traveling backwards in the station Parkoo Woodley / Adams Morgan and struck a train service has stopped at the platform. No one was killed but 20 people were injured. A 14-month investigation concluded that the train driver probably did not alert when the train rolled toward the station. security officials said the train had been complete at least 79 were killed. The train driver has been dismissed and Metro officials decided to add coverage to rollback more than 300 cars ferroviaire.Le June 22 2009 5:02 pm, two trains on the Red Line collided. A southbound train was heading toward Shady Grove stop on the short route to the Fort Totten station and another train heading south collided with the rear. Four cars were stacked on each other, and passengers were trapped in the train. Nine people died and 70 were injured, dozens have been described as “capable of walking wounded . According to WMATA, the trains have not been easy locating in the area when the accident occurred, but the trains were on the same track. Red Line service was suspended between Fort Totten and Takoma stations, and New Hampshire Avenue has been closed. Among the dead was the operator of the train that collided with the train arrêté.Le November 29, 2009 at about 3 a. Mr. , Two trains collided in the court of West Falls Church rail. A train came and struck the rear of another train. No customers were on board, and only minor damage to operators and cleaning staff have been reported. DéraillementsGreen Line train after January 7, 2007 déraillementLe January 13, 1982, a train derailed at a faulty filter pass south of the Federal Triangle station. In attempting to restore the train on the rails, supervisors failed to notice that another car was also derailed. The other car skidded off the runway and hit a tunnel support, killing three people and wounding 25. Coincidentally, this accident as Air Florida Flight 90 crashed into the 14th Street Bridge during a snowstorm majeure.Le January 7, 2007, a green line train carrying 120 people derailed near the Mount Vernon Square station in downtown Washington. At the time trains unique tracking, and the fifth car derailment occurred when the process of switching from south to north to follow. The accident injured at least 18 people and caused the rescue of 60 people from a tunnel. At least one person suffered a serious injury, but not mortelle.Le Mount Vernon Square incident was part of a series of five derailments of 5000-Series cars, with four of those that occur on secondary roads and does not involve passengers. On June 9, 2008, an Orange Line train (2000 series) was derailed between Rosslyn stations and Court of Chambre.Le February 12, 2010, a Red Line train derailed at about 10:13 a. Mr. as he left the station Farragut North in downtown Washington. After leaving the station, the train entered a path of pocket. As he continued, an automatic derailleur at the end of the pocket track intentionally derailing the train as a security measure. The wheels of the first two cars in the six-car train-White Flint-statements have been forced to leave the tracks, the train stopped. Almost all of the 345 passengers were evacuated from the train damage estimated by A. 11:50 m. and the NTSB arrived on the scene by 12:00 p. Mr. Two minor injuries were reported, and a third passenger was transported to George Washington University Hospital. The cause is under investigation. Securitel measures July 13, 2009, WMATA has adopted a “zero tolerance policy for train or bus operators tried using SMS or other handheld devices on the job. The new policy and stricter came after investigations into accidents transit of several United States has found that operators had been texting at the time of the accident. The policy change was announced after a passenger on an underground train on videotape operator SMS while operating the train. tarifaireVoir structure also: SmarTripface before a farecard Metro announces decreasing value résiduelleMetro rates vary depending on distance traveled and time of day to entry. During regular hours (weekdays from opening until 9:30 am and 37 pm Friday and Saturday evenings from 2:00 to closing), rates range from $ 1. 65-4 $. 50 depending on distance traveled. At other times, fares are $ 1. 45, $ 1. 95, or $ 2. 45, depending on distance traveled. Discounted rates are available for children of school, disabled and elderly. Metro charges reduced rates on federal holidays except those during which it provides services at peak times, including Columbus Day, Veterans Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day and Presidents Day.Standard machine self-service machines for each pass and Farecards epost riders enter and exit the system using a stored-value card in the form of a paper tape or magnetic farecard card nearby known as SmarTrip. The amount is deducted from the card balance to the system output. Farecards are purchased primarily to vending machines in each station. Farecards can contain up to $ 45 in value and are reused up that the value of the card reaches zero, at which the map is “captured” by the output terminal. In addition, passengers can purchase passes at most farecard vending machines. Passes are used in the same manner as Farecards but riders unlimited travel grant in the system for a certain period of time. Some Metro passes into the time and distances that passes can be utilisé.Les users can add value to any farecard, but the riders must pay an exit fee if the cost of a trip is higher than the balance of their card. SmarTrip users are allowed to leave the system with a negative balance, but we must add the fee to the card before returning system. Riders may transfer free of charge provided they do not go by faregates. SmarTrip users receive a $ 0. Reduction of 50 on the bus-to-Rail and Rail transfers to bus.Le 7 January 2010, the WMATA Board approved hearings to consider a temporary rate increase of 10 cents on the rail and bus fares to take effect in April-July 2010 to fill a budget deficit. The increase was approved, has effective February 28, 2010 and will last until June 27 May 2010. futurePlan expansion of the subway system might look like in 2030, based on an April 24, 2008 the proposal to the Metro Council. In addition to Silver Line, the map shows several light rail lines, service changes, and a line of realigned Blue.WMATA expects an average of one million daily riders by 2030. The need increase capacity has renewed plans to add 220 cars to the system and reroute trains to alleviate congestion at the busiest stations. Population growth in the region has revived efforts to expand the service, construction of new stations and build additional lines. LineL’expansion Silver is the most important silver line, a 23-mile (37 km) extension of the Orange Line in Loudoun County, Virginia through Tysons Corner and Washington Dulles International Airport . Rail to Dulles has been discussed since the system opened in 1976. The current Silver Line project was officially proposed in 2002 and initially approved by the Federal Transit Administration in 2004. After several delays, federal funding for the line Silver was awarded in December 2008 and construction began in March 2009. The line will be built in two phases: Wiehle Avenue in Reston, Virginia in 2013, and Virginia Route 772, beyond the ‘Dulles Airport in 2015. réalignementBlue Line Blue Line trains share a single tunnel with orange line trains to cross the Potomac River. service tunnel current limits in each direction, creating a choke point. A proposal 2001 would have deviated from the Blue Line between Rosslyn and Stadium-Armory station by building a bridge or tunnel from Virginia to a new station in Georgetown. The proposal was later rejected because of cost. In October 2008 Metro has published a study on the possibility of rerouting some Blue Line trains on the 14th Street Bridge, which is currently used by the trains of the yellow line. The Blue Line realignment increase services in the heart of the city and relieve congestion Rosslyn tunnel. If implemented, the new service between stations in the Greenbelt and Franconiapringfield can be called a new line. Fort Belvoir and Fort Meade extensionsEn 2005, the Department of Defense announced that it would Goodwill 18,000 jobs to Fort Belvoir, Virginia and at least 5,000 jobs at Fort Meade in Maryland in 2012 as part of the base year Realignment and Closure Plan. In anticipation of such a measure, local authorities and Army has proposed extending the Blue and Green Lines to each core service. The proposed expansion of the Green Line could cost $ 100 million per mile, and an extension of light rail in Fort Belvoir has been estimated cost up to $ 800 million. Neither proposal has set deadlines for the planning or construction. gareEn Potomac Court of 2008, officials began exploring the possibility of adding a station in the area of Potomac Yard Alexandria on the blue and yellow lines between National Airport and Braddock Road stations. The project remains in the exploratory stage, and funding for construction (estimated at 150 million dollars) has not been approved. The projects not Metrorailtracé-proposed line violetteUn number of light rail and tramway projects have been proposed for urban development or complete service provided by Metro. As the Silver Line, Virginia, the proposed Purple Line was in planning since the 1980s. The project was originally designed as a railway line linking the heavy circular external stations on each branch of the Metro system, a structure roughly mirroring the Capital Beltway. This proposal to create a system of light rail in Maryland between Bethesda and New Carrollton stations-through Silver Spring and College Park. Such a plan would connect the two branches of the red line to green and orange, and reduce Travel time between stations underground in the suburbs. The project is still under regulatory approval, but received strong support from local authorities and legislators of Maryland in January 2009.The Cities Transitway Corridor (CTC) link com. http://www. pdf. http://www. pdf. http://www. pdf. http://www. pdf. http://www. pdf. http://www. pdf.
Tags: Metro, Washington